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Exercises in 

Manual Train™ 



FOR THE 



Rural Schools 




JNO. R. SLACKS 

COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT 

sac cdcMnr, IOWA 



Exercises in 

Manual Training 



FOR THE 



Rural Schools 



JNO. R. SLACKS 

County Superintendent 
Sac County, Iowa 



The Sac Sun Print, Sac City, Iowa 



/ 




555 



COPYRIGHT 1917 

by 
JNO~ R. SLACKS. 



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FEB -I (917 

)CI.A455390 



TO THE TEACHERS: 

THE following lessons are planned especially for the 
pupils in the rural schools. It is needless for me to say 
anything about the lack of equipment for this work. We can 
only do the best Ave can under the circumstances and hope for 
the time when we will have the schools equipped for this work 
the same as for the work in geography. 

The first few lessons are in cardboard construction. This 
is given for the purpose of giving the pupils training in ac- 
curacy and neatness. I hope you will insist on having the 
work done well. Inspect and measure the work submitted to 
you. If it is carelessly done and is not accurate, assign the 
same, problem for tiie next week's work. 

In the wood work it may not be possible to do the work 
at school. Try, however, to have the boys bring what tools 
they have to school on Friday and do as much work there as 
possible. One may be able to bring a plane, another a saw 
and square, another a hammer, etc. Many schools have a 
discarded desk out in the coal house. This may be brought 
in and used as a bench. Perhaps the boys may be so in- 
terested that they will make a bench. 

Much of the material used may be picked up around any 
home. Ask the boys to keep goods boxes, packing cases etc. 
that may have, good boards on them suitable for making the 
articles given in the lessons. If it is necessary for them to do 
the work at home, ask them to bring the completed article to 
school so you and the other pupils may see the degree of suc- 
cess attained. 

Much depends on you for the success of this work. If 
you raise any money for tools, I would suggest that vou get 
first the following: 

Cross Cut Saw Hammer 

Jack Plane Try Square 

Block Plane Ruler or Spuare 

An exhibit of the work done in Manual Training and the 
girls' work in Domestic Science given at some time near the 
close of school would do much to create an interest on the 
part of the parents. 

Encourage your pupils to make some article given in 
these lessons and send it to the county fair next year. 



4 Exercises in Manual Training. 

Supt. Geo. E. Wallace of Schaller has rendered excellent 
assistance in the preparation of these lessons by furnishing a 
number of the working drawings used. 

It is hoped that this pamphlet will be of some help to you 
and your pupils. 

Very truly, 

JOHN R. SLACKS. 
Sac City, Iowa, January, 1917. County Superintendent. 



TO THE PUPILS: 

In doing the work outlined in the following lessons you 
need to bear in mind these few suggestions. 

Before beginning work on any lesson read over carefully 
the printed directions for that lesson. Note the materials you 
will need. See that you have at hand the tools required. 
Study the working drawing carefully to see that you under- 
stand it clearly. When in doubt on any point consult your 
teacher. 

The mark (") is a sign used to indicate the word "inches". 
Thus 2" is to be read "two inches". When you see an arrow 
head pointing each way from a number, the number gives the 
distance between the two arrow points or heads. For example, 
in Lesson I Fig. 1 each square is two inches on each side as in- 
dicated by the 2" and the arrow points. By noting these things 
carefully you will make few mistakes. Work with care and 
be sure to make all measurements accuratelv. By holding 
your ruler on edge you will bring the divisions of its scale 
closer to your paper or board and so be able to get more near- 
ly exact measurements. One-thirty-second part of an inch is 
too large an error to make. When you complete the work of 
a lesson leave your model with your teacher to be tested for 
accuracy and inspected for neatness. Do your very best at all 
times. 

I shall hope to see some of your work when I visit your 
school. 

Very truly, 
JOHN R. SLACKS. 



For the Rural Schools. 5 

LESSON I. 

PLATE I. FIGURE 1. MODEL OP A CUBE. 

MATERIAL- — Cardboard at least 7in. by 9in. in size. 
Paste or mucilage. 

TOOLS — Ruler, sharp lead pencil, knife or scissors. 

WORK — With your ruler and pencil lay out the drawing 
for the model exactly as it is indicated in the drawing in Fig. 
1. Make the squares 2in. on each side. Draw very light lines 
at first until you are sure you have it correct. You must have 
right angles or square corners in your squares If you do not 
have a T square for this, use a post card After you are sure 
your drawing is correct you may make the lines heavier, if you 
wish. 

Cut out the cardboard on the outside lines of your draw- 
ing. Lay the edge of the ruler along the inside lines and 
score them with the knife being careful not to cut very deep- 
ly. Bend the cardboard up along all of these lines and you 
will find that you have the pattern for a cube or square box. 
Put paste on the flaps and place them in the proper position. 
Hold them until they stick in place firmly. 

Try this model again making the squares 3in. or 4in. in 
size. This will, of course, require a larger sheet of paper. 
By leaving the top so it can be opened and closed you can 
make candy boxes, etc. in this way. 



LESSON II. 

PLATE I.. FIGURE 2. HOLLOW CYLINDER. 

MATERIAL — Cardboard 4in. by 6in., paste or mucilage. 

TOOLS — Ruler, sharp lead pencil, knife or scissors. 

WORK — Lay out the drawing given in Figure 2 accord- 
ing to instructions given in Lesson I. Do the work very care- 
fully. Put paste on the flap and stick it in place along the 
other edge of the model. Try again on a larger scale. By 
using larger sheets of stiff cardboard mailing tubes of different 
sizes may be made in this way. 



Exercises in Manual Training. 



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PLATE I. 



For the Rural Schools. 



LESSON III. 



PLATE I. FIGURE 3. TRIANGULAR PRISM. 

MATERIAL — Cardboard sheet 7in. by 12in., paste or 
mucilage. 

TOOLS — Ruler, pencil, knife or scissors. 

WORK — Lay out the drawing as directed in the first 
lessons. Cut out all around the figure with the scissors. Score 
along the inside lines with the knife using the ruler to keep 
you straight. Be careful you do not cut through the paper. 
Bend along the scored lines and paste the flaps as directed in 
the first lessons. By making this figure larger and punching 
holes in the sides and leaving the top open a lantern may be 
made. Use a small candle for a light. A small nail or wire 
may be run up through the bottom on which to stick the 
candle. Or make a small open cylinder as in Lesson II, make 
cuts in one end after pasting, bend back the small sections and 
paste in the bottom to hold the candle. 



LESSON IV. 

PLATE I. FIGURE 4. ENVELOPE PATTERN. 

MATERIAL — Good strong plain paper of any kind. 

TOOLS — Ruler, scissors, pencil, knife. 

WORK— No dimensions are given for this problem as 
each pupil will probably want to make a different size of enve- 
lope. Measure the drawing given so as to get your drawing of 
the right proportion. Make it two or three times larger than 
the drawing given. After cutting out your drawing score 
along inside lines and fold. Paste along the proper edges. You 
can tell these after you have folded the paper. Try other 
envelopes of large sizes. 



Exercises in Manual Training 




PLATE II. 



For the Rural Schools. 9 

LESSON V. 

PLATE II. FIGURE 5. SQUARE PRISM. 

MATERIAL— Cardboard 9in. by 9in., paste or mucilage. 

TOOLS — Ruler, pencil, scissors, knife. 

WORK- — The directions for this lesson are the same as 
those for Lesson I. Do the work carefully and you will have 
good results. Crease the inside lines well before beginning to 
paste. By leaving the side flap unpasted you can make boxes 
for different purposes. Try others of different sizes. Also try 
this of thick pasteboard. 



LESSON VI. 

PLATE II. FIGURE 6. PATTERN FOR A BOX. 

MATERIAL — Cardboard or other good strong paper 
9in. by 9in., paste. 

TOOLS — Ruler, pencil, scissors, knife. 

WORK — Study the drawing in figure 6 carefully before 
you begin to work. Eirst make a square 9in. on each side. 
Divide this into Sin. squares as shown by the dash lines in the 
drawing. Draw the heavy lines as shown in the drawing. 
Also draw the dash or dotted lines. Cut out along the heavy 
solid lines. This cuts off the corners of your paper and gives 
you an eight sided figure. Using ruler and knife score all 
dash lines except the dimension line made up of the arrows 
and figures. Crease and fold on all scored lines and you will 
have a box with an open top. By making another only slight- 
ly larger you can have a top for your box. 



10 



Exercises in Manual Training 




PLATE III. 



For the Rural Schools. 1 1 

LESSON VII. 

PLATE II. FIGURE 7. PATTERN FOR A HOUSE. 

MATERIAL — Cardboard 4in. by Bin. and a sheet 3 l / 2 
in. by 4^4in., paste. 

TO OLS — Ruler, pencil, scissors, knife. 

WORK — Lay out the drawing, making all measurements 
carefully. Cut out on outside lines. Crease and fold as di- 
rected in preceding lessons. Crease flaps into position for 
pasting on roof before applying paste. Crease roof on middle 
line and paste to the flaps on house leaving J^in. projection at 
each end. 



LESSON VIII. 
PLATE III. FIGURE 8. PATTERN FOR A CONE.. 
MATERIAL — Cardboard 6in. by 9in., paste or mucilage. 

TOOLS — Ruler, pencil, knife, compass or dividers, 
scissors. 

WORK — With your ruler and pencil draw a line along 
one side of your paper V^in. from the edge. Set the points of 
the compass 4in. apart. Place one point on the middle point 
of. the line you have drawn and describe a semi-circle on the 
paper. Complete the drawing by drawing the flap as shown 
in the diagram /4 m - wide. Cut out carefully on the outside 
line. With ruler and knife score the line of the flap. Put 
paste on the flap, bend the paper and bring the flap over un- 
til the two edges meet perfectly. Hold in position until it 
sticks. Try again cutting off part of the circle so as to make 
a smaller base to the cone. Megaphones may be made in this 
way. 



12 Exercises in Manual Training. ■ 

LESSON IX. 

PLATE III. FIGURE 9. PATTERN FOR CYLINDER. 

MATERIAL — Cardboard 4in. by 7in. and a sheet 3in. 
by 6in. 

TOOLS — Same as in lesson VIII. 

WORK — The first part of this lesson is the same as in 
Lesson II. For this use the sheet of cardboard 4in. by 7in. 
Set the points of the dividers lin. apart as indicated in the dia- 
gram. Draw two circles at least j/2in. apart on your other 
paper. Now set the dividers with the points 1^4 in. apart and 
draw circles around the first ones drawn using the same centers. 
Cut out with the scissors or knife leaving the little flaps as 
shown in the diagram. Score and bend up the flaps so they 
will go inside the end of the cylinder you have made. Paste 
in position. By leaving one end off you can make cups, ere. 



LESSON X. 

PLATE III. FIGURE 10. TRIANGULAR PYRAMID. 

MATERIAL— Cardboard 5 in. by 5 in., paste. 

TOOLS — Ruler, pencil, knife or scissors. 

WORK — Lay out the drawing as shown making the 
sides of each triangle 2in. in length. Flaps J^in. in width. 
Cut out the figure, score inside lines, bend and paste. Try 
this again using larger paper and making the triangles 3 in. 
in size. 



For the Rural Schools. 13 

LESSON XI. 

PLATE III. FIGURE 11. SQUARE PYRAMID. 

MATERIAL — Cardboard at least -9in. by 12in., paste. 

TOOLS — Ruler, pencil, knife or scissors. 

WORK. — Lay out the drawing as indicated. Cut out 
and paste. The long flap should be tapered considerably at 
the upper end or it will not fit inside when put together. You 
may find it necessary to cut off part of this in order to get a 
good fit. Look up about the Pyramids of Egypt. 



LESSON XII. 



PLATE IV. DOOR BUTTON. 



MATERIAL— Piece of wood 5^in. by l*4in. by %in. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, pencil, knife, brace and 
small bit. 

WORK — Saw out the block a little larger than the di- 
mensions given in drawing and plane down to the proper size. 
Mark off with your pencil the rounded corners and the slant 
to be given to the two ends. Cut away the wood with your 
knife and finish with the plane on the top of the two ends. Saw 
off the corners and finish rounding them with your knife. 
Sandpaper the ends to get them smooth. Bore the hole (A) 
with a small bit. 



14 



Exercises in Manual Training. 




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Door Button . 




Leiier Opener. 



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PLATE IV. 



For the Rural Schools. 15 

LESSON XIII. 
PLATE IV. LETTER OPENER. 

MATERIAL — Pine or other soft wood lOin. by %in. by 
'/Sin. 

TOOLS^Knife, plane, ruler, pencil. 

WORK — Plane the wood down to the size and shape in- 
dicated for the handle. Measure off the proper length for the 
handle as given in the diagram. With the knife whittle down 
the blade to the proportion shown. Bevel off the edges. Sand- 
paper to make smooth. This may also be varnished. Try out 
of hard wood also. 



LESSON XIV. 

PLATE IV. DART. 

MATERIAL — Shingle at least 3in. wide. 

TOOLS — Knife, ruler, pencil. 

WORK — No length is given in this diagram as it is sup- 
posed to be made the same length as the shingle. The broken 
part in the drawing is to indicate that part of the length is 
left out at that point. With your ruler and pencil lay out the 
drawing of the dart with the wide end on the thin end of the 
shingle. With your knife cut out down to the lines you have 
drawn. To locate the notch (A) balance the dart on your 
knife blade and cut the notch at the point of balance. Most 
boys know how to shoot a dart. Use a rather stiff stick about 
two feet long. Tie a strong string to one end. The string 
should be about 18in. long. On the end of the string make a 
good sized knot or tie a short piece of stick about the size of a 
match. Hold the dart in the left hand holding the wide thin 
point between the thumb and finger. The end of the string 
with the knot should be placed in the notch. Hold the other 
end of the stick in the right hand. Stretch the string taut 
and by means of the stick throw the dart into the air. A little 
practice will enable you to shoot the dart to great heights. 



16 Exercises in Manual Training. 



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Tn^cjer for Rabbit Trap. 



PLATE V. 



For the Rural Schools. 17 

LESSON XV. 
PLATE V.. TRIGGER FOR A RABBIT TRAP. 

MATERIAL — Pine strip ^2 in. square and 30in. long. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, knife. May be made with knife 
alone. 

WORK — If you are good at whittling, this will be an 
easy problem for you. Saw or cut the strip of pine into pieces 
14in., 8in. and 6in., length. Whittle or plane down to the 
shape indicated. Whittle the notches in the two pieces as 
shown. 

To set the trap arrange the trigger as shown in the draw- 
ing. Place a box over the trigger with the edge of the box 
resting on the top at point (A) and the sharp end (B) stick- 
ing under the box. Before setting trap stick a short piece of an 
ear of corn or other bait on the sharp stick. 



LESSON XVI. 

PLATE VI. NAIL AND SCREW TRAY. 

MATERIAL — Either V^in. or lin. stock may be used for 
this. 

2 pieces 16in. by 3in., sides. 
2 pieces 12in, by 3in., ends. 
4 pieces 5^in. by 3in., partitions. 
1 piece 12in. by 16in.. bottom. 
1 piece 14in. by 5 in., middle and handle. 

TOOLS — -Saw, plane, try square, ruler, brace and lin. 
bit. 

WORK — Saw out stock for the various pieces as shown in 
the drawing. Note size of the hole cut for the handle. Use 
the brace and bit for this work. Plane pieces to make per- 
fect fit at all joints. Nail together carefully. Refer to the 
drawing often while doing the work. 



Exercises in Manual Training. 




PLATE VI. 



For the Rural Schools. 19 

LESSON XVII. 

PLATE VII. BROOM HOLDER, 

MATERIAL— Pine board 7>4in. by 5j4in. by 7/ &m . 
thick. Two pieces 4in. by lin. by 1 J^in. 4 lj/^in. screws with 
round heads. 2 1^4 in. flat head screws. 2 small washers. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, brace and small bit, 
ruler, pencil, screw driver. 

WORK — Cut out the board 5in. by 7in. in size as indi- 
cated by the drawing. Be sure to have square cuts at each 
end. Use the try square in squaring the ends of the board. 
Plane the edges until it is of the size desired. Bevel off the 
edges as shown in the drawing. Saw the two small blocks and 
plane them to the size indicated. Round off the two corners 
as shown. In one of them bore, two small holes for the screws 
as shown. In the other block cut slots one inch long in the 
manner shown. To do this bore a small hole at each end of the 
slot then bore or cut out the wood between them. This slot 
should work smoothly on the round headed screws Fasten the 
blocks to the base board as shown in the larger drawing. Place 
the washers under the heads of the screws holding the slotted 
block. Do not force these two screws in too tightly. The block 
should be free to move up and down along the slots. With the 
flat headed screws fasten the base board to the wall where de- 
sired. Be sure the rounded corners of the blocks are down- 
ward. Push the broom handle upward between the blocks. 
The movable block should move easily on the screws in the 
slots. It will drop downward and inward and hold the broom 
in place. 



20 



Exercises in Manual Training. 







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PLATE VII. 



For the Rural Schools. 21 

LESSON XVIII. 

PLATE VII. GAME BOARD. 

MATERIAL — A %in. board 8in. square, yi'm. wooden 
rod for pegs. 

TOOLS — Ruler, square, pencil, brace and /^in. bit, plane, 
block plane. 

WORK — Square up board and plane it exactly 8in. 
square. With ruler and pencil draw the diagonals of the 
square. These are the lines AB and CD in the diagram. Where 
these lines cross is the center of the square marked O in the 
diagram. Measure the distance from the center to a corner. 
Lay off this distance from each corner in both directions. 
This will give you the points marked EFHIKJLM. Connect 
these points across the corners as shown in drawing. Saw off 
these corners and you have an octagon. Remember how to do 
this for you will want to do the same thing again in another 
lesson. With light lines draw the dash lines as shown in the 
diagram lin. apart. The points where these lines cross mark 
the positions of the holes. With the brace and bit bore holes 
at these points. Stop boring when the point of the bit appears 
on the back of the board. This will leave a thin part of the 
wood so the pegs will not drop through. If you prefer, you 
can bore entirely through and then put a thin board on the 
back of your board. 

Cut pegs from the wooden rod 1^4 in. in length. Thirty 
two pegs will be needed. Sandpaper and varnish your board. 



22 Exercises in Manual Training. 

THE GAME. 

This game may be played by one or more persons. Place 
pegs in all the holes except the center hole. It is played by 
jumping the pegs over one another as in checkers and removing 
from the board the pegs jumped. One peg and only one may 
be jumped at a time. No peg may be moved except to jump 
another peg and in jumping it must not cross a vacant space 
nor be moved diagonally. One player plays until he can make 
no more jumps. Then count the pegs left on the board. Place 
the pegs in position again and let the next player try. The one 
having the least number of pegs left on the board wins. A 
person playing alone tries to jump all but one peg and to 
leave that one in the center hole. 



Following is the key to the game for one person. The 
numbers refer to the numbers given on the diagram. For ex- 
ample, the first play 1-33 means to jump the peg from hole 1 
over into hole 33 removing peg 2 which was jumped. 



1-33 7-4 20-19 28-14 

1-33 7-4 20-19 28-14 

3-2 6-8 8-21 17-25 

5-4 13-2 22-20 29-33 

2-3 33-1 20-19 33-27 

7-4 15-2 11-18 30-24 

8-6 16-14 24-14 32-25 

9-7 2-13 26-25 27-33 

11-3 18-11 25-17 



For the Rural Schools. 



23 



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A DETAIL OF END 
OF BRACE. 



PLAN FOR BUILDING 
A BOX KITE. 



WA3TE PAPER BA5KET. 



PLATE VIII. 



24 Exercises in Manual Training. 

LESSON XIX 

PLATE VIII. PLAN FOR A BOX KITE. 

MATERIAL — Pine or other soft wood strips }4 i ncn 
square as follows : 

4 pieces 30in. in length. 
4 pieces 20in. in length. 
Strips J^in. thick and \ l /\'m. wide as 

follows : 
4 pieces lOin. in length. 
Muslin 7in. wide and 60in. long, 2 
strips. Tacks, V^in. brads. 

TOOLS — Ruler, knife, scissors, hammer, saw, brace and 
3-16in. bit. 

WORK — Cut off the 4 pieces 30in. in length. Lay down 
two of them and fasten on the two thin strips of wood as 
shown in the drawing at the top of Plate (VIII). Let these be 
2in. from the ends of the long pieces. Use the brads in nail- 
ing these on and clinch the ends of the brads flat. Make the 
other side in the same manner using the other pieces and 
strips. With the brace and bit bore holes in the strips as 
shown in the drawing /4 m - in from the inside of the long 
piece. Bore all eight holes. Take the 20in. pieces and with 
your knife cut the ends as shown in the drawing at A. The 
small end part, a tenon, should be /^in. in length. These 
tenons are to fit into the holes bored in the thin cross strips. 
Saw off the ends, if they project through too far. Tack on the 
muslin strips as shown in the diagram. This should be even 
and tight. Tie a strong string about six feet long at the 
points marked (s) and (s). At the center of this string, 
marked (C), tie your string for flying the kite. 

To fly the kite, stand it up as shown in the diagram about 
fifty feet from you. Holding the end of the string run into 
the wind. Let out string as desired. 



For the Rural Schools, 25 

LESSON XX. 

PLATE VEIL WASTE PAPER BASKET. 

MATERIAL— Pine wood l //m. thick as follows: 
8 pieces 5 in. by 15 in 
yiin. board lOin. square 
16 round headed screws I 1 /? in. long. 
Leather shoestring. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, ruler, pencil, dividers, brace and 
Y% in. bit. 

WORK — Lay out the pattern of one of the sides as 
shown in the detail drawing at the left of the diagram. Plane 
it down to the exact size given. With this as a pattern lay out 
and make the other seven sides. With the brace and bit bore 
the holes as indicated in the diagram of the finished basket 
\ l / 2 in. from the bottom and 3/2 in. from the sides or edges. The 
holes at the top should be 3 In. from the top and ^A in. from 
the edge of the piece. 

On the y%\n. board lay out the bottom according to the 
instructions given In Lesson XVIII. For this you will want to 
make your square exactly 8}^ in. on a side. Saw out the bot- 
tom. Fasten on the sides with the screws as shown In the dia- 
gram. Tie the sides together at the top with pieces of the 
leather shoestring. When finished the wood should be sand- 
papered and varnished or stained. 



26 



Exercises in Manual Training. 



BENCH VISE 



COLLAR 



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SCREIV 



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PLATE IX. 



For the Rural Schools. 27 

LESSON XXI. 

PLATE IX. SUGGESTIONS FOR A BENCH VISE. 

This suggestion is given here for those boys who may 
want to make a vise for their use at home or at school. The 
material may vary according to what may be available for 
use. The screw may be bought for about fifty cents. The 
bench may be made out of lumber that may be found round 
the farm home. The jaws of the vise should be made of ma- 
terial at least 2in. by 4in. The drawing is plain enough so 
no trouble should be experienced in making the bench. It 
will be found very useful in all the work that is to follow. 



LESSON XXII 

. PLATE IX. BENCH HOOK. 

MATERIAL — Board 6in. by Sin. Two pieces of same 
1^2 in. by 5 in. Screws. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, brace and Y&in. bit, 
screw driver. 

WORK — The drawing for this is given in Plate (IX) at 
the right just under the detail drawing of the vise. Saw out 
and plane your stock to the size desired. Bore holes through 
the small pieces and fasten on with screws as shown. This will 
be found useful in holding small pieces for sawing, etc. 

NOTE — The other two drawings in Plate (IX) are to 
illustrate the method of holding the try square in using it to 
square a board and to test your work in planing. The one at 
the left shows the method of squaring a board. The other at 
the bottom shows how to test your work. If you can see under 
the blade of the try square when held as shown, your work is 
not exactly square. 



28 



Exercises in Manual Training. 



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PLATE X. 



For the Rtiral Schools, 29 

LESSON XXIIL 

PLATE X. MILKING STOOL. 

MATERIAL — J^in. board 10 inches wide and 5 Sin. long. 
Nails. 

TOOLS — Saw, square, hammer, pencil, brace and lin. 
bit. 

WORK — Saw out the pieces being careful to get each 
one square. 

Saw one piece 20in. long, one 12in., one 10in., one 7in., 
one 4in. and one Sin. Nail these pieces as shown in the draw- 
ing being sure to get measurements accurate and everything 
square. Take the Sin. piece and saw it diagonally from one 
corner to the opposite one. These pieces are for the braces 
and should be nailed in as shown. With the brace and bit 
bore two holes 4in. apart and 2in. from the front edge of the 
seat or top. Bore or cut out between these holes. This makes 
a convenient handle with which to life the stool. The bucket 
is placed on the shelf on the front. Make one and try it and 
see how you like it. 



LESSON XXIV. 

PLATE X. MAGAZINE OR BOOK RACK. 

MATERIAL — %'m. board 54in. long. 4 pieces //gin. by 

Sin. by 32in. Nails. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, square, hammer, pencil. 

WORK — Saw out the shelves 17in. long. Be sure to 
square each end. Measure back 2^ in. from each corner of 
the shelves and place mark. Connect these points and saw 
off this corner. Square up and plane the legs beveling off 
the top corners as shown. These legs are to be nailed on the 
•corners of the shelves. Place the shelves any desired distance 
apart. Let the top one be two inches below the top of the leg 
and the lower one at least Sin. from the bottom. Sandpaper 
and stain or varnish when finished. 



30 



Exercises in Manual Training. 




PLATE XL 



For the Rural Schools, 3 3 

LESSON XXV. 

PLATE XI. BROOM HOLDER. 

MATERIAL— Board 15in. by 3in. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, brace and small bit, ^in. bit, 
keyhole saw. 

WORK — Saw out and plane down the stock to the ex- 
act size indicated in the drawing. Lay out the shape as shown 
and cut out. Dividers should be used in laying out the open- 
ing in the middle of the board. Set the points 2in. apart and 
draw as indicated by the radius (R). Bore holes as indicated 
in the drawing and saw out the opening with the keyhole saw. 
Saw out the corners as shown and round off with saw and 
plane. Bore small holes as indicated by the dotted lines for 
the screws. Fasten to wall or other support. The broom is 
placed in this holder with the brush end up. 



32 



Exercises in Manual Training: 



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WHISK BROOM HOLDER 



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MATCH SOX- 



PLATE XII. 



For the Rurai Schools, 33 

XXVI. 
PLATE XII. WHISK BROOM HOLDER. 

MATERIAL — Pine wood ^in. in thickness as follows: 

1 piece 7in. by 5 in. for back. 

2 pieces 5in. by 1 ^^ in. for sides. 
1 piece 5 in. by 5 in. for the front. 

TOOLS — Plane, saw, brace and J^in. bit, try square, 
pencil, 

WORK — Saw out and plane down the pieces to the size 
and shape indicated. You should by this time be able to read 
the working drawing without any trouble. Do the work care- 
fully being sure each piece is correct before laying it aside. 
Bore the hole as shown ^2 in. from the top and in the middle 
of the board. Fasten together with YaJvu. brads. Sandpaper 
and stain or varnish as desired. 



LESSON XXVII 
PLATE XII. MATCH BOX. 

MATERIAL — Pine wood %.'m.. in thickness as follows: 

1 piece 8in. by 3 ^2 in. for the back. 

2 pieces 5in. byl^in. for the sides. 
1 piece 3J/2in. by 2in. for the front. 
1 piece 3in. by l^in. for bottom. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, brace and /^in. bit, try square, 
pencil. 

WORK — Saw out and plane down the pieces to the prop- 
er size. 

Do not fail to look carefully at the drawing before you 
lay out each piece. Note that the bottom is ^2 in. shorter than 
the front piece. Why should this be? Study .the side view 
at the right for the shape of the side pieces. Bore hole ^in. 
from the top in the middle of the board Sandpaper and stain. 



34 



Exercises in Manual Training. 




PLATE XIII. 



For the Rural Schools. 35 

LESSON XXVIII. 

PLATE XIII. WREN HOUSE. 

MATERIAL — Pine stock ^>in. or ^3 in. in thickness as 
follows : 

1 piece 7in. by 9in. for top. 

1 piece 8^?in. by 5^4in. for bottom. 

1 piece Sin. by 5%in. for front. 

1 piece 6in. by $3/{\n. for back. 

2 pieces 8in. by 5% in. for sides. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, pencil, try square, brace and lin. 
bit and /^in. bit. 

WORK — This should give you no difficulty. Note that 
the bottom projects in front and the top projects all around. 
Also note how the sides are put on by being nailed to the 
back but having the front nailed to them. Bore the hole in 
front with the lin. bit. The hole for the peg is made with 
the /^in. bit. Fit the peg in tightly. Fasten together with lin. 
brads. 



36 



Exercises in Man real Training-. 



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PLATE XIV. 



For the Rural Schools. 37 

LESSON XXIX. 

PLATE XIV. "T" SQUARE. 

MATERIAL — This would be better made from harder 
wood than pine. 

1 piece 9in. by 2in. by ^>in. 

1 piece 26in. by 2in. and /^in. in thickness 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, pencil, screw driver, 
brace and ^in. bit. 

WORK — Saw pieces to proper length being careful to 
get ends square. Plane down to size and smooth with sand- 
paper. Round off the corners of cross piece as shown. Bore 
hole as shown in end of long piece. Fasten together with 
very small screws being careful to get a right angle between 
the two pieces. Use try square in doing this. This lesson 
requires most careful work although it mav look simple. 



LESSON XXX. 

PLATE XV. BOOK RACK. 

MATERIAL — Pine %in. or ^in. thick as follows. 

1 piece 17in. by 5in. 

2 pieces 5 in. by 4^2 in. 

4 \Y\va. flat head screws. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, pencil, ruler, brace and 
J^in. bit, screw driver.. 

WORK — Study the drawing carefully before beginning 
work. Only one end of the rack is shown. Saw out and 
plane the bottom -to size, 1 7in. by 5 ^2 in. Bevel the edges of the 
top of this board as is shown in the drawing. Saw out the 
end supports in the shape and size indicated. Sandpaper all 
well. Bore holes for the screws placing two in each sup- 
port. These holes should be bored lin. from the end of the 
base board. Stain when finished. This rack is placed on a 
table or desk. The ends support the books in an upright po- 
sition. 



38 



Exercises in Manual Training. 




PLATE XV. 



For the Rural Schools. 39 

LESSON XXXI. 

PLATE XV. PLATE RAIL. 

MATERIAL- — May be made of pine or other wood, -)4 in - 
or 7/s in. thick. 

1 piece 42m. by Sin. for the back. 
1 piece 42in. by 4J^in. for the shelf. 
3 pieces 3^ in. by 2 l / 2 in. for the brackets, 
6 flat head screws l}4in. in length. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, ruler, try square, pencil, screw 
driver, brace and ^in. bit. 

WORK — Study the drawing before beginning work so 
you will have a good idea of the plan of the pieces. Saw out 
and plane the back and the shelf to the size given. Cut the 
ends of the back in the shape shown. Place the shelf against 
the back in the proper place and mark at the ends to get the 
right length to cut the shelf. Saw off shelf at the places 
marked. Saw out brackets of the shape shown. Be sure to 
have the end of the bracket that is to go against the back 
square. Look at the drawing and measure and mark the 
location of the brackets on the back and shelf. Bore holes 
for screws in the proper places. Fasten together with the 
screws. See that all joints are tight. Sandpaper and stain. 
Fasten to wall with screws. 



40 



Exercises in Manual Training. 



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PLATE XVI. 



For the Rural Schools. 41 

LESSON XXXII 

PLATE XVI. MAGAZINE RACK. 

MATERIAL — Pine ^4 in. or %in. thick as follows: 

1 piece 18in. by 4in. for the base. 

2 pieces 6in. by 2)Am. for ends. 

4 pieces 16^in. by 1^4 in. an d l /\ in. thick 

for the side rails. 

4 flat head screws lV^in. in length, 8 
round head screws lin. in length. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, screw driver, try square, pencil, 
ruler, brace and y§h\. bit. 

WORK — Saw out the base and plane to size given. Note 
that it is not planed square but is given a slant or bevel all 
around. Saw out the ends to the shape given. So far this prob- 
lem is much like the Book Rack in lesson XXVIII. Next 
plane and saw out the side pieces to the proper size. Note 
that the outside corners of these are beveled off a little with 
the plane. Fasten the ends to the base with the flat head 
screws and use the round head screws to fasten on the sides. 
Make your measurements exact. Sandpaper and stain. 



42 



Exercises in Manual Training: 



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PLATE XVII. 



For the Rural Schools. 43 

LESSON XXXI I L 

PLATE XVII. WALL RACK FOR PAPERS OR MAGAZINES.. 
MATERIAL — Pine wood as follows: 

1 piece 22in. by 4in. by '?4 in - f° r bottom, 

2 pieces 13in. by 4in. by -)4in. for ends. 

4 pieces of J^in. stock 3 in. by 24in. for 
rails in front and rear. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, brace and j^ii-fi. bit. try square, rul- 
er, pencil, screw driver and ^4 in. chisel. 

WORK — Saw out and shape the ends. Study the draw- 
ing for this. The shape may be changed somewhat, if de- 
sired. Note that the back rails are let into the end pieces, 
Mark out these cuts, saw across in both places and cut out 
"with the chisel. Be sure you do not make these cuts too deep. 
Note too that the two back rails are not of the same size. Cut 
•out and plane the bottom piece. Note that this is also let 
into the end pieces. Lay out and cut this mortise in each of 
the end pieces. Do this work carefully so as to get a good 
fitting joint. Nail the end pieces to the bottom with 2in. fin- 
ishing nails. Place the back rails in position and nail with 
1^2 in. brads. Sandpaper and stain. 



44 



Exercises in Manual Trainh 



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PLATE XVIII. 



For tiic Rural Schools. 45 

LESSON XXXIV. 

PLATE XVIII. FERN STAND. 

MATERIAL — This would be better made from hard 
wood but may be made of pine. 

1 piece lOin. by lOin. by 3 /jin. for the top. 

2 pieces lOin. by l^in. by ^4 in. for sup- 

4 pieces 7in. by l^in. by lin. for the 



ports of top. 
legs. 



TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, jKpn. chisel, ruler, pen- 
cil, screw driver, brace and >4in. bit. 

WORK — Again you have use for the method of laying 
out an octagon learned in lesson XVIII. Lay out and saw out 
the top of the stand. Lay out the legs. These may be made 
of a different length from that given above, if desired. Note 
that the tops of the legs are beveled on all four sides Make 
the supports of the exact size required. On these you have a 
new problem called a Half Lap joint. To make it proceed 
as follows. Measure in from each end of the supports on the 
narrow edge exactly 45-^in. This is presuming your supports 
to be -)4 m - thick. With the try square make cross marks here. 
Try the supports between these lines to see if they fit. When 
you are sure they are right saw down on these marks just 
half way through the supports. Cut out the mortise with the 
chisel. Do the same on both supports Fit them together 
in these mortises. You should have a good joint and the two 
supports should fit together no thicker than one of them would 
be. You are now ready to put the stand together. Study the 
drawing for the location of the screws. You will need 8 
round head screws L)4in. long and 4 flat head ones 1^4 in. in 
length. Bore into the supports on the under side as shown 
for the screws that hold the top in place. The legs should 
project above the top about lin. Sandpaper until smooth 
and stain. 



46 



Exercises in Manual Training;. 



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Pedestal^ 



PLATE XIX. 



For the Rural Schools. 47 

LESSON XXXV. 

PLATE XIX. PEDESTAL. 

MATERIAL — This may be made of any kind of wood. 
It should be made of stock not less than %in. in thickness. 
2 pieces 26in. by 2%m. 
2 pieces 26in. by 4in. 
2 pieces 12in. by 12in. for top and base. 
4 pieces 2in. by 4in. for brackets. 
4 pieces 3in. by 1^2 in. 

TOOLS — Saw, plane, try square, ruler, compass, pen- 
cil, compass saw. 

WORK — Plane the long pieces to the size given and saw 
off square at each end. Nail them together as shown in the 
drawing on the right. This makes the upright. Saw out the 
brackets. The shape of these may be varied if desired. With 
the compass draw the arcs shown on the base. Saw out with 
the compass saw. Saw off the corners as shown. The small 
blocks should be sawed to fit under each corner as shown. 
Fasten together with finishing nails or screws. Stain. 



SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL MODELS TO MAKE. 

Tooth Brush Holder Harness Hanger 

Neck Tie Rack Seed Corn Hanger 

Picture Frame Ironing Board 

Key Rack Bread Board 

Foot Stool Book Case 

Bracket Shelf Tool Chest 

Meat Board Knife and Fork Box 

Towel Roller Comb Case 
Ink Bottle and Pen Holder Salt Box 

Seed Corn Tester Coat Hanger 

Pupils interested in wood stains, write to S. C. Johnson & 
Son, Racine, Wisconsin, and ask for samples of wood show- 
ing different colors of stain. 














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